The three-layer model with compositive enterprise

1 shows) : · is macroscopical and compositive the view in the compositive · of a flock of enterprises that are a center with finance namely is compositive the compositive · of a flock of enterprises that are a center with the product namely is microcosmic and compositive the interior of the single company that is a center with enterprise interior behavior namely is compositive. The construction of 2 macroscopical and compositive enterprises, move, the support of finance of technical reformation need. Below market economy condition, a flock of businesses that produce disparate product, loose coupling ground or close coupling ground are compositive together, assist each other on finance (loose coupling) or plan as a whole each other (close coupling) , below the support that is in a bank (Song Gun closes) as compositive as the bank together (close coupling) , form macroscopical and compositive, the competitive place that forms stability on domestic and international market and own share, strive to enlarge its to own share, this is close come to an enterprise 30 years one of compositive main distinguishing feature. Group of this kind of macroscopical and compositive industry, have powerful competitive actual strength; The competition that did not participate in macroscopical and compositive single company and this kind of group hard compare. However, if this is planted compositive not successful, for example, lead administrative levels is much, the structure is complex, decision-making rate is slow, answer market rate slow, in-house expense is big, product cost is advanced, be inferior to single company instead " dapper " , competition does not pass single company. But from look on the whole, single company or enemy group of macroscopical nevertheless and compositive industry. Accordingly, be necessary to study the effective mechanism with macroscopical and compositive enterprise deep. Because each country situation is different, specific mechanism should differ somewhat, but its target should be general and identical, organize namely, assist each other, in competition of domestic and international market, maintain sensitive response, the market that be had steadily or enlarges oneself owns share, the part of progressively purify low benefit, gain greater and greater benefit. 2.

The majority enterprise of Japan of macroscopical and compositive example presses 1 Japan enterprise the product is compositive in each " lead plane " under the enterprise. For example a car " lead plane " enterprise, one swarm supplies enterprise and sale industry compositive under this enterprise, this is an enterprise is medium view is compositive. Japan is major " lead plane " the business is further compositive in 6 big macroscopical and compositive groups. The core of each group is a big bank, perhaps add again 1, 2 giant core companies, if pursue 2.

1, graph 2.

2 are shown. Nextpage by the graph 2.

1 can see Mitsui enterprise is macroscopical and compositive the general situation of the group. This group is You Fengtian Motor Corporation and company of Mitsui mining industry () of graph right ministry, day establishs Mitsui project and electric company, shipbuilding company and Japanese iron and steel to make a company () of graph wrong department, company of petro-chemical industry of Mitsui paper mill and Mitstli (graph upside) , and Mitsui is maritime with fire insurance company and Mitsui storehouse company (graph bottom) wait for an enterprise macroscopical and compositive those who be in head office of oriental cherry bank, Mitsui and MitsuiFudosan enterprise all round. Graph 2.

2 are shown is another enterprise macroscopical and compositive group -- the general situation of group of 3 water chestnut, can see 3 water chestnut from inside the graph iron and steel of electric company, 3 water chestnut makes Motor Corporation, 3 water chestnut paper mill of company of company, aluminous estate of 3 water chestnut, 3 water chestnut, 3 water chestnut are petro-chemical company, tokio is maritime wait for an enterprise with fire insurance company and company of storehouse of 3 water chestnut and transport company macroscopical ground is compositive be versed in again in bank of 3 water chestnut, 3 water chestnut and all round head office of 3 water chestnut. Can see two characteristics of this two big groups from two afore-mentioned graphs: (1) perhaps is added again around a big bank 1, 2 giant companies undertake compositive, reliable support can get on finance. When certain business, to improve its the product is in the position in the market, need undertakes technical innovation is mixed transform, new product is developed when wait and needing infuse capital, can get seasonable, strong with sufficient support; (2) each are big in the group a lot of " lead plane " the enterprise is congener. For example Mitsui group has Feng Tian Motor Corporation, group of 3 water chestnut has 3 ginger Motor Corporation; Mitsui group has day to establish electric company, group of 3 water chestnut has 3 water chestnut electric company; Mitsui group has Mitsui maritime with fire insurance company, 3 water chestnut have To-kio maritime with fire insurance company; ... . Can see, these big groups are mutual competition inside Japan, is not forestall. But this kind of competition also is in only 5, 6 congener " lead plane " undertake between the enterprise, is not a few competition between, consequently the competition of its home basically is measurable. "Lead plane " the overmuch competition between the enterprise, meeting generation is needless inside bad news. In the world, japanese this two big groups should develop intense competition with North America, Western Europe again, what everybody is familiar with this. Competition promotes the ceaseless progress of the product, the price is reduced, make consumer is benefited; Forestall strangles progress, make price hasten tall. 2.

The General Electric Company of example United States with macroscopical and compositive enterprise of 2 United States is one furniture has distinctive product distinguishing feature (bulb, phone) " lead plane " enterprise. 2 big afterwar, because the new gruff of Japanese industry rises, general Electric Company feels the competitive pressure that comes from Japanese enterprise with each passing day, arrived 70 time end, feel not thorough reform deeply already, with respect to the competitive challenge that cannot meet Japanese. Right now, this company appoints WelCh to be new presiding apparitor, welch is made and carried out a brand-new enterprise to develop the strategy. This characteristic that develops the strategy can generalize as follows: Sell everything generates the business of greater benefit impossibly, purchase the company of great benefit of a few hopeful generation. The result is, sold telephone subsidiary and subsidiary of small-sized electric home appliances1 shows) . The product supplies catenary is multistage. For example the one class of car company supplies an enterprise to be waited a moment for machine of reception of a radio of car engine, car, sound reproduction; And the one class that company of aircraft of car reception of a radio, sound reproduction also has it supplies an industry (namely the 2 class of car company supply enterprise) , if chip of circuit of large scale integration, electrical micro-machine is waited a moment; The rest may be deduced by analogy, circuit of large scale integration or electrical micro-machine enterprise return those who have them to supply an industry. Be in Japan, the grade that supplies chain can amount to 5 class left and right sides, lowermost grade may be a workshop of domestic backyard, make some is planted spare parts. 3.

1 in the object that compositive pursuit observes in observing compositive object is: · adaptability namely the requirement that the product wants to get used to the market. · nimble sex namely the speed that the product supplies the market wants enough and nimble. · essence pledges the gender produces character to estimate the demand that should get used to the market namely. · beneficial saves a gender namely benefit wants tall, utmost reduces cost. 3.

2 in observing the construction of compositive example company, object that move is the requirement that makes his product can get used to the market to change ceaselessly. The product should be saleable above all satisfy the need, otherwise, product production is again nimble, again essence of life is simple, also be the thing that piles no use, sex of profitless also finally province but character. Below the premise of contented adaptability, realize qualitative sex of nimble sex and essence, assure to press the quality, requirement that satisfies the market by speed, must want a province at the same time, utmost ground reduces cost, gain tall benefit, company ability lives and develop. A few typical case of compositive respect are watched in Japan and United States introducing to be in below. 3.

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Compositive example Japan is being watched in 1 Japan enterprise is hind industrialized country, 2 big afterwar, japanese industry is destroyed serious, capital is in short supply, 100 useless wait for promote. Mix in 40 time end at the beginning of 50 time, the controller of Feng Tian Motor Corporation inspected the product line of the Motor Corporation such as American Ford, think: Japan cannot copy the manufacturing pattern of Ford completely, can be a foundation with the manufacturing mode of Ford only, undertake a series of innovation. This expression is in: ① does not introduce Ford product line in that way producer type, assembling automation line to go up namely, the worker can work strictly by metre only, have a problem also as usual shedding goes down, to the extreme of automation line, test-drive of total inspection man discovers a problem, send repair again, if do not have,the problem can leave factory. Motor Corporation adopted abundant cropland to be in any labour on, any worker discovery assemble a part or assemble quality to have a problem, with respect to the work that can help brake stop whole automation line, next, adjacent worker gathers instantly rise, thrash out problem. Any small defect are not concealed in accomplishing a product, result, feng Tian's car gained better than Euramerican car reputation on the international market. Reduced branch of repair of test-drive of total inspection man in enterprise interior at the same time, saved manpower and expenditure, in obtain qualitative sex of essence of life while, obtained beneficial to save a gender. ② unlike Ford product line in that way, in a certain labour on have older component memory, take seasonable production kind however (JustinTime) , be versed in in every go up to have very few component memory only, reduced the memory in the process thereby, saved by the circulating fund of keep long in stock, obtained better profit to save a gender. ③ opposite produces all sorts of business activities in the system to undertake comprehensive, complete introspection, take out everything not the business activity of appreciation, saved expenditure thereby, reduced segment, shortened manufacturing catenary, accelerated manufacturing rate, hold the benefit that received nimble sex and seed profit sex concurrently. This kind of principle also enlarges application to supply what various enterprise counteracts sale catenary to go up on catenary each point of sales go up, came true thereby famed the resource of the equipment of the field of the with the half manpower at the world, half, half, half... , the production that can finish place of full before labor power, whole place, entire facility, total natural resources yields. The supply that ④ secures catenary, sale catenary, faithful interdependent relation, associated products plan, qualitative sex of the adaptability that creates a product jointly, nimble sex, essence of life and beneficial save a gender. The Feng Tiansheng that is main token with 4 afore-mentioned characteristics produces pattern, was popularized by common ground in Japan, later, be produced for seed profit by the research group summary of American Masschusetts Institute of Technology again (LeanProduction) mode, write in monograph of its science and technology " the machine that changes the world " (in one book of TheMachinethatChangedtheWorld) . This monograph says or state with certainty, the success of Japanese is some not simply the success that the technology innovates or some success that produces constituent principle, however whole new manufacturing pattern -- mode of seed profit production and whole production system -- the success of system of seed profit production; Say or state with certainty the century that 21 centuries are mode of seed profit production and system of seed profit production, the manufacturing mode of world each country should change seed profit to manufacturing mode. 3.

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The profit of example Japan seed that company of 2 United States changes seed profit to manufacturing mode produces mode to be born at 50 time, mature at 60 time, go up in the international market at 70 time with its high grade product, low price, push the company of North America, Western Europe from inside the market in domain of a lot of products go out, the company that gives North America, Western Europe causes very big crisis. " COMEBACK " the production company of 3 old cars that one book elaborated the United States systematically: Company of Ford Motor Corporation, general motors and Kelaisile on the orbit that how Motor Corporation turns early or late to seed profit to produce pattern in 80 time, thereby early or late " came back " (COMEBACK) . Ford and Kelaisile were elaborated in the book Motor Corporation is known to mode of seed profit production earlier, transition is earlier; And general motors company, its are presiding apparitor is at the beginning of 80 time, metaphase holds to overall automation, do not admit seed profit produces pattern, down to makes many bank borrows money infuse overall automation, use a robot in great quantities, the result makes product cost higher and higher, and blemish is increasing however, the result is benefit lower and lower, sale is less and less, head general motors firm to very hazardous condition. Later, appear personally by the loan bank of wall street, with the trustee series connection of the board of directors of general motors company, this presiding apparitor is driven finally nonofficeholding, changed beneficial taking essence of life to produce mode way at new presiding apparitor. Below his leader, general motors company is in eventually 80 time later period, overshoot difficulty and " came back " . Nextpage3.

2.

The Caspian university of manufacturing mode United States that makes what Caspian university of 3 United States puts forward adroitly wrote the report of two collect to United States Congress at the beginning of 90 time. This report thinks the United States is in to maintain or recapture its in 21 centuries the international of production domain is banner position, maintain its rich life, must be in the United States research, development, implement the concept that creates adroitly, method and system. The main characteristic of the concept that creates adroitly and system can generalize for: ① makes a system answer the demand of the market the can most acutely adroitly; ② changes when market demand when, for the design, make new product, "Lead plane " the partner company that the enterprise should use completely beautiful industrial communication network and industrial database to search its quickly to supply chain, the view in implementation is compositive, undertake associated design and production a product in coordination, supply the product of adequate measure to the market with the rapiddest rate; ③ when necessary, can search its quickly to supply the new partner on catenary through industrial net and industrial database, build new in view is compositive. This is called what trends can recombine to make a system, call fictitious production system again. This kind of dynamic combination is crossing a region on geography, cross a state even. When crossing a country to undertake assorted production, this kind is made call the whole world to make a system again (GlobalManufacturing) . In front the seed profit of our remark Japan makes a system is to secure the He Zhongcheng that supplies chain of interdependent relation in watch compositive production system, and it is fictitious that here makes a system of our remark adroitly, what supply catenary composition changeably is medium watch compositive production system, bad of what of both what actor, put in different view at present. Still wait for practice to prove further. 3.

3 in the methodology with compositive view and frame of information infrastructure demand " lead plane " enterprise and supplying the stand or fall that works in coordination between the enterprise is medium the key with compositive view, the target that works in coordination is to make the product has appeal to the client, be saleable satisfy the need, make a product can high grade timely and right amount ground offers a customer, and the cost that has minimum, bigger price cost is poor, in order to achieve bigger beneficial result, achieve article aforementioned namely " comfortable, quick, essence of life, beneficial " target. Graph 3.

2 show piece " lead plane " enterprise and the demand frame that supply the methodology that the company works in coordination and information infrastructure. A production enterprise contains a design commonly, make and manage 3 much. But any activities that any ministry substation undertake, it is qualitative sex of the adaptability to obtain a product, essence, nimble sex and beneficial province sex. Accordingly, in the graph 3.

Thinking of 2 medium design dimension, administration of production peace keeping is tagged adaptability, essence pledges gender, nimble sex and beneficial save a gender 4 index. Of course, an enterprise in some specific period may exist certain basically contradicts, for example the beneficial province sex of the product is bad. At this moment, the enterprise is necessary to organize design branch, production branch and management department combination to tackle key problem, save a gender in order to improve the profit of the product. At this moment 3 parts work in coordination methodological region expresses to be a graph 3.

2 in shadowiness is denotive small cubic method inside the country. Solve product benefit to save the solution with undesirable sex to get, design, make and management has the organization combination to tackle key problem between these 3 branches group (TaskForce) , rely on the support of IT, undertake group of groups work (TeamWork) , use the working method of collateral project, with getting the solution of the problem quickly. This shows, information infrastructure (see a picture 3.

2) should tackle key problem to combination the group offers: The computer communication with quick ① supports; ② work place needs, sufficient data (database system) support. In the shadow denotive small cubic method inside the country (see a picture 3.

2) , still should tackle key problem to combination the support that the group provides method and tool, the algorithm that includes group of group work methods and tool component (Groupware) , and solve an enterprise specific issue -- the model of beneficial province sex, algorithm and tool. Solve product benefit to save sexual issue, must be " lead plane " enterprise and supply company joint efforts, try jointly " lead plane " enterprise and each part that supply the product with company place responsible division of labor can beneficial province comes down to just go. Because this still is necessary,the organization rises " lead plane " enterprise and supply an enterprise to undertake associated tackling key problem. This job is in graph 3.

2 in undertake cooperating with working below the support that expresses to be the information infrastructure that with the shadow denotive small cube is in two to unite. Apparent, right now information infrastructure wants to be able to be offerred interrelate the computer communication support of the net and support of distributed database system, communication rate wants enough fast, the demand that with making sure real time is collateral the project works. On methodology and tool support, group of group work algorithm with more complex and significant demand and tool (package) support, and more complex and effective settlement beneficial province sex is the model of specific issue, algorithmic with the tool. Visible, compositive production system is watched to also can be opposite in " comfortable, quick, essence of life, beneficial " two in 4 individual character, 3 even 4 combination tackle key problem. When should developing new product for example, must consider 4 individual character at the same time, this is in graph 3.

2 in behave for two frame of complete cubic methodology is in the architecture below the support of information infrastructure. Graph 3.

2 be one therein the demand frame that watchs compositive methodology and information infrastructure. What have a company for effective ground is medium view is compositive, must systematically, the information infrastructure with the compositive view in studying deep and methodology and tool market. In other words, graph 3.

The content in each 2 medium small cube should be refined further, try to enrich. This is meant do much special subject research and development work even. Still need to point out, graph 3.

2 pointed out mainframe business and the relation that supply an industry. No matter be seed profit production system, still make a system adroitly, be based on this kind of frame to have the job. But graph 3.

2 and end covers nimble production concept in how trends seeks a partner, the methodology demand of tectonic and fictitious production system. The place before 4 microcosmic and compositive overviews are like is narrated, microcosmic and compositive it is the single company interior that is a center with behavior of an enterprise interior of departmental cent compositive. If pursue 1.

1 with the graph 3.

2 are shown, the design dimension that it is an enterprise interior (D) , production dimension (M) and administrative thinking (between M) compositive. This part studies and carry out already had in China longer the research of period and applied foundation, be like a CIMS (the research of CIMS) and application. And what making paper interior is compositive, also have in China longer the research of period and applied foundation, be like flexible production system (the research of FMS) and application. These are to belong to microcosmic and compositive consider region. Those who need a specification is, in in view is compositive in the seed profit of remark is produced (Leanproduction) and make adroitly (the concept of Agilemanllfactur-ing) also is applied to microcosmic and compositive. That is to say, the design branch of an enterprise interior (D) , production branch (M) , management department (M) also must work in coordination go going after seed profit sex and nimble sex. However, the sex of high spirit profit in the market mixes the product nimble sex, should the demand that by the supply of whole product catenary and all business that sell catenary to go up press seed profit sex and nimble sex undertakes effective in view is compositive will assure, the view in because this article produces seed profit the system,delimiting considers region compositively. 5 last words come for years, domestic explicit company is compositive went up to make much research and applied work. The overall frame that the author thinks to be necessary to work the research with compositive enterprise and application now is made induce, and reduce is like before narrates three-layer model. The author thinks, assimilating good thing from inside the experience of Japan and United States and viewpoint is necessary. But of industry of a nation revitalize, from the enterprise compositive this looks on one hand, cannot pure dog new technology of some new idea. New idea new technology emerges in endlessly, so, be necessary the each new idea that compositive to the enterprise domain appears, new technology tries to analyse, clear understanding the setting that its produce and meaning, applicable condition and environment, advantage and confine, try integrated, again the condition according to oneself, undertake be usinged integratedly. From this the viewpoint sets out, offerred aforementioned three-layer model, suggest, be in China, must study at the same time now and carry out microcosmic and compositive, medium view is compositive and macroscopical and compositive, in an attempt to the 3 sufficient tripartite balance of forces in competition of current international market (the United States, Western Europe and Japan) progressively change is the state 4 sufficient tripartite balance of forces (China, United States, Western Europe and Japan) state, this is the author's desire. Watch in compositive did well, a kind of another kind product of Chinese was achieved on the international market " comfortable, quick, essence of life, beneficial " , sufficient can contend with the United States, Western Europe and Japanese photograph. As time elapse, if have some of product past the appointed time, the enterprise still needs to replace a product, transform newer technology equipment, need financial support consequently, big even finance supports, need to do well again at this moment macroscopical and compositive. Apparent, macroscopical and compositive industry group can weather greater market storm. Microcosmic and compositive it is fundamental cell, the behavior of every enterprise interior should be optimized, the view in be an enterprise is compositive and macroscopical and compositive laid a foundation. So the author thinks, must at the same time microcosmic and compositive, medium view is compositive and macroscopical and compositive do well. Research is microcosmic and compositive, medium view is compositive and macroscopical and compositive, need to have many job from academic, method and tool. Next, also answer to be popularized stage by stage on application, generation actual effect, this also has tremendous workload; Likewise important is, the government plans in the round and arrangement is macroscopical and compositive, medium view is compositive with microcosmic and compositive research, and application popularizes the job, also be fundamental premise and condition. The author still refines further research this three-layer model. In in some of research work attends with the architecture of information infrastructure on the methodology with compositive view, and be on macroscopical and compositive mechanism again thorough one pace is done some discuss. CNC Milling